Kesar mangoes, often dubbed the “Queen of Mangoes,” are a highly sought-after variety known for their unique aroma, golden color, and delectable sweetness. Grown predominantly in the western regions of India, especially in the state of Gujarat, Kesar mangoes hold a special place in Indian culture and cuisine. But what makes them so extraordinary, and what does the journey from farm to table look like for these prized fruits? In this article, we’ll explore the detailed cultivation, growth, and harvest process that sets Kesar mangoes apart.
The Origin of Kesar Mangoes
Kesar mangoes trace their origin to the Girnar Hills of Junagadh in Gujarat, India. The distinctive color, aroma, and flavor of Kesar mangoes are attributed to the specific soil, climate, and cultivation practices in this region. The Kesar variety was first planted in 1931 and quickly gained popularity for its golden-orange hue, saffron-like fragrance, and rich taste.
1. The Cultivation Process: Planting and Growing
Growing Kesar mangoes is an art and science that has been perfected by generations of farmers in India. Here’s how they cultivate this special mango variety:
- Soil Preparation: Kesar mangoes thrive in well-draining soil with balanced nutrients. Farmers prepare the soil carefully by loosening it to improve aeration and adding organic fertilizers. The pH of the soil is closely monitored to ensure it is slightly acidic to neutral, which is ideal for mango trees.
- Sapling Selection: Farmers select only the best saplings or grafted plants, ensuring the quality of the mangoes. Kesar mangoes are often grown from grafts taken from healthy, high-yielding trees, which helps maintain the genetic purity and taste profile of the fruit.
- Spacing and Planting: Mango trees require ample space to grow, with each sapling planted approximately 10-12 meters apart to ensure that the roots have enough room to expand. This spacing also allows sunlight to reach each tree, promoting even growth and fruit ripening.
- Watering and Irrigation: Kesar mangoes require consistent moisture, especially during their initial growth stages. However, waterlogging can damage the roots, so irrigation practices are carefully managed. Drip irrigation systems are widely used in Kesar mango farms to provide just the right amount of water and preserve water resources.
- Pruning and Maintenance: Regular pruning of branches encourages healthy growth and improves the yield of mango trees. Farmers also clear away any diseased or weak branches to prevent infections and pest infestations.
2. Flowering and Pollination: The First Sign of Mangoes
The journey of a Kesar mango truly begins during the flowering season. Here’s what happens:
- Flowering: Kesar mango trees typically begin flowering in December or January, when the weather is cooler. The trees bloom with small, fragrant, yellowish-white flowers, marking the start of the fruiting process.
- Pollination: Pollination is crucial for fruit formation, and it is carried out mainly by bees and other pollinators attracted to the flowers. Farmers often encourage natural pollinators to visit their orchards by planting other flowering plants nearby, ensuring a robust pollination process.
- Fruit Set: After successful pollination, the flowers transform into tiny green mangoes that grow and mature over the next few months. During this time, farmers monitor the trees closely, protecting them from pests and diseases.
3. Growth and Maturation: The Mangoes Ripen on the Tree
The next stage in the life of a Kesar mango is the maturation process, where the mangoes grow to their full size and develop their signature flavor.
- Growth Period: Over the next three to four months, Kesar mangoes continue to grow in size. They turn from green to a golden hue, which indicates that they are ripening. Farmers pay close attention to the trees during this time, providing any additional care and nutrients to ensure the fruit ripens perfectly.
- Pest and Disease Control: Mango trees are susceptible to various pests and diseases, such as aphids, fruit flies, and powdery mildew. Farmers employ natural pesticides, insect traps, and other eco-friendly methods to protect the fruit without compromising its quality.
- Natural Ripening: Unlike some commercially grown mangoes, Kesar mangoes are typically left to ripen on the tree. This natural ripening process allows the fruit to develop its intense sweetness and characteristic aroma, which are often lost in artificially ripened mangoes.
4. Harvesting Kesar Mangoes: Hand-Picking the Best
Harvesting Kesar mangoes is a delicate process. Here’s how farmers ensure each mango is picked at the perfect time:
- Timing: Kesar mangoes are usually ready for harvest between April and June. Farmers wait until the mangoes have fully ripened on the tree, as this results in the best flavor and aroma.
- Hand-Picking: To avoid bruising and damaging the mangoes, farmers hand-pick each fruit carefully. They use tools like scissors or pruners to cut the mangoes, leaving a small portion of the stem attached to prevent sap leakage and extend shelf life.
- Sorting and Grading: After harvesting, the mangoes are sorted and graded based on their size, color, and ripeness. Only the highest quality mangoes, those with an even golden color and perfect texture, are selected for the market.
5. Post-Harvest Handling: Preparing Mangoes for Transport
After harvest, Kesar mangoes undergo careful handling to ensure they reach consumers in perfect condition.
- Washing and Cleaning: The mangoes are gently washed to remove any dirt or sap residue. This step is essential to maintain hygiene, especially for export-quality mangoes.
- Packaging: Kesar mangoes are packed in specially designed crates or cartons that protect them during transit. The packaging is cushioned to prevent any bruising, and ventilation holes are added to maintain airflow, which helps extend the mangoes’ shelf life.
- Cold Storage: If the mangoes are to be transported over long distances, they are stored in cold storage to maintain their freshness. Cold storage slows down the ripening process, preserving the flavor and nutritional value of the mangoes until they reach consumers.
6. From Market to Table: Enjoying the Fruits of Labor
Once the mangoes reach the market, they are purchased by eager consumers who can enjoy them in various ways. Whether eaten fresh, blended into smoothies, or used in desserts, Kesar mangoes offer a burst of tropical flavor that is truly one-of-a-kind. Their unique cultivation process, from the careful selection of saplings to hand-picking at the peak of ripeness, ensures that every Kesar mango is a testament to the dedication of the farmers who grow them.
Why Kesar Mangoes Are So Special
The journey of Kesar mangoes from farm to table highlights the unique factors that make them special:
- Hand-Grown and Harvested: Each mango is nurtured and harvested with care, ensuring the highest quality.
- Natural Ripening: The natural ripening process on the tree enhances the flavor, color, and aroma, distinguishing Kesar mangoes from other varieties.
- Rich Nutritional Profile: Besides their delicious taste, Kesar mangoes are a good source of vitamins, antioxidants, and minerals.
Conclusion
Kesar mangoes offer a delicious taste of India’s rich agricultural heritage. Their journey from farm to table is a labor of love that combines traditional methods with modern agricultural practices. This meticulous process makes every bite of Kesar mango feel like a celebration of nature’s sweetness, nutrition, and purity. So the next time you enjoy a Kesar mango, remember the dedicated journey it has taken—from the heart of Gujarat to your table.
